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Ecografía del escroto

Definición

La ecografía del escroto es un procedimiento imagenológico para examinar el escroto. El escroto es el saco cubierto de carne que cuelga entre las piernas en la base del pene y que contiene los testículos.

Los testículos son los órganos reproductores masculinos que producen los espermatozoides y la hormona testosterona. Están ubicados en el escroto junto con otros órganos pequeños, vasos sanguíneos y un pequeño tubo llamado conducto deferente.

Forma en que se realiza el examen

Usted se acostará boca arriba con las piernas separadas. El proveedor de atención médica cubre con una tela a lo ancho de los muslos por debajo del escroto o coloca unas tiras anchas de cinta adhesiva en el área. El saco escrotal se levanta ligeramente con los testículos ubicados a cada lado.

Se aplica un gel transparente en el saco escrotal para ayudar con la transmisión de las ondas sonoras. Luego, un técnico desplaza una sonda manual (transductor de ultrasonido) sobre el escroto. El ecógrafo envía ondas sonoras de alta frecuencia, las cuales reflejan áreas en el escroto para crear una imagen.

Preparación para el examen

No se necesita ninguna preparación especial para este examen.

Lo que se siente durante el examen

Se presenta poca molestia. El gel conductor se puede sentir ligeramente frío y húmedo.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen

Una ecografía testicular se realiza para:

• Ayudar a determinar por qué uno o ambos testículos se han agrandado o se han vuelto más pequeños
• Examinar una masa o protuberancia en uno o ambos testículos
  
• Encontrar la razón de dolor en los testículos
  
• Mostrar cómo la sangre circula a través de los testículos

Resultados normales

Los testículos y otras áreas en el escroto tienen una apariencia normal.

Significado de los resultados anormales

Las posibles causas de resultados anormales incluyen:

• Acumulación de venas muy pequeñas, llamado un varicocele
• Infección o absceso
• Quiste no canceroso (benigno)
• Torcedura del testículo que obstruye la circulación de la sangre, llamada torsión testicular
• Tumor testicular
• Atrofia testicular (encogimiento)

Riesgos

No existen riesgos conocidos. Usted no estará expuesto a radiación ionizante con este examen. 

Consideraciones

En ciertos casos, la ecografía Doppler puede ayudar a identificar el flujo sanguíneo dentro del escroto. Este método puede ser útil en casos de torsión testicular debido a que el flujo de sangre al testículo enrollado se puede reducir.

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