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Análisis estreptocócico

Anatomía de la garg...Anatomía de la garganta
Cultivos de gargant...Cultivos de garganta

Imagen anterior Agrandar Cerrar Próxima imagen

Prueba rápida para estreptococos

Definición

Es una prueba que se realiza para detectar estreptococos del grupo A. Este tipo de bacteria es la causa más común de faringitis estreptocócica.

Forma en que se realiza el examen

El examen requiere una muestra faríngea. Esta se evalúa para identificar estreptococos del grupo A. Toma alrededor de 7 minutos obtener los resultados.

Preparación para el examen

No hay una preparación especial. Coméntele a su proveedor de atención médica si está tomando antibióticos o los tomó hace poco tiempo.

Lo que se siente durante el examen

Se toma la muestra de la parte posterior de la garganta en el área de las amígdalas. Esto puede causarle nauseas.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen

Su proveedor puede ordenarle este examen si usted tiene signos de faringitis estreptocócica como:

Fiebre
Dolor de garganta
Ganglios inflamados y sensibles en la parte frontal del cuello
Puntos blancos o amarillos en las amígdalas

Resultados normales

Un examen negativo para detectar estreptococos casi siempre significa que no hay presencia de estreptococos del grupo A. Es poco probable que usted tenga faringitis estreptocócica.

Si su proveedor aún piensa que usted puede tener faringitis estreptocócica, se hará un cultivo de garganta, en niños y adolescentes.

Significado de los resultados anormales

Un examen positivo de estreptococos casi siempre significa que hay presencia de estreptococos del grupo A y confirma la faringitis estreptocócica.

Algunas veces, el examen puede ser positivo incluso si usted no tiene estreptococos. Esto se denomina resultado falso positivo.

Riesgos

No hay riesgos.

Consideraciones

Esta prueba únicamente detecta las bacterias estreptococos del grupo A y no detectará otras causas del dolor de garganta.

Referencias

Allen CT, Nussenbaum B, Merati AL. Acute and chronic laryngopharyngitis. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 61.

Bryant AE, Stevens DL. Streptococcus pyogenes. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 197.

Gigante J. Acute pharyngitis. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 430.

Stevens DL, Bryant AE, Hagman MM. Nonpneumococcal streptococcal infections and rheumatic fever. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 269.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 3/16/2024

Versión en inglés revisada por : Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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