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Examen de Donath-Landsteiner

Anticuerpo contra el antígeno-P; Hemoglubinuria paroxística al frío - Donath-Landsteiner

Definición

Es un examen de sangre para detectar anticuerpos dañinos relacionados con un trastorno poco frecuente llamado criohemoglobinuria paroxística. Estos anticuerpos se forman y destruyen los glóbulos rojos cuando el cuerpo se expone a temperaturas frías.

Forma en que se realiza el examen

Se necesita una muestra de sangre.

Preparación para el examen

No se necesita una preparación especial para este examen.

Lo que se siente durante el examen

Cuando se introduce la aguja para extraer la sangre, algunas personas sienten un dolor moderado. Otras solo sienten un pinchazo o sensación de picadura. Posteriormente, puede haber algo de sensación pulsátil o un hematoma leve. Esto desaparece pronto.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen

Este examen se realiza para confirmar un diagnóstico de criohemoglobinuria paroxística.

Resultados normales

El examen se considera normal si no hay presencia de anticuerpos de Donath-Landsteiner. Esto se llama resultado negativo.

Los rangos de los valores normales pueden variar ligeramente entre diferentes laboratorios. Algunos utilizan diferentes mediciones o analizan muestras diferentes. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica acerca del significado de los resultados específicos de su examen.

Significado de los resultados anormales

Los resultados anormales significan que los anticuerpos de Donath-Landsteiner están presentes, lo cual es un signo de criohemoglobinuria paroxística.

Riesgos

Hay pocos riesgos relacionados con la toma de muestra de sangre. Las venas y las arterias varían en tamaño de una persona a otra y de un lado del cuerpo a otro. Extraer sangre de algunas personas puede ser más difícil que de otras.

Otros riesgos asociados con la extracción de sangre son leves, pero pueden incluir:

Sangrado excesivo
Desmayo o sensación de mareo
Múltiples punciones para localizar las venas
Hematoma (acumulación de sangre debajo de la piel)
Infección (un riesgo leve cada vez que se presenta ruptura de la piel)

Referencias

Elghetany MT, Banki K. Erythrocytic disorders. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 33.

Michel M. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 146.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 3/31/2024

Versión en inglés revisada por : Todd Gersten, MD, Hematology/Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Wellington, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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