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Anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular

Examen de sangreExamen de sangre

Imagen anterior Agrandar Cerrar Próxima imagen

Prueba de anticuerpos contra la MBG; Anticuerpos contra la membrana basal glomerular; Anticuerpos anti-MBG

Definición

La membrana basal glomerular es la parte de los riñones que ayuda a filtrar los desechos y el líquido extra de la sangre.

Los anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular son anticuerpos contra esta membrana. Estos pueden llevar a que se presente daño renal. Este artículo describe el examen de sangre utilizado para detectar estos anticuerpos.

Forma en que se realiza el examen

Se necesita una muestra de sangre.

Preparación para el examen

No se necesita preparación especial.

Lo que se siente durante el examen

Cuando se inserta la aguja para extraer la sangre, algunas personas sienten un dolor moderado, mientras que otras solo sienten un pinchazo o picadura. Posteriormente, puede haber una sensación pulsátil o un leve hematoma. Esto desaparece rápidamente.

Razones por las que se realiza el examen

Este examen se utiliza para diagnosticar ciertas enfermedades renales, como el síndrome de Goodpasture y la enfermedad antimembrana basal glomerular.

Resultados normales

Normalmente, no hay ninguno de estos anticuerpos en la sangre. Los rangos de los valores normales pueden variar ligeramente entre diferentes laboratorios. Algunos laboratorios utilizan diferentes mediciones o analizan muestras diferentes. Hable con el médico acerca del significado de los resultados específicos de su examen.

Significado de los resultados anormales

Los anticuerpos en la sangre pueden significar que cualquiera de las siguientes afecciones está presente:

Enfermedad antimembrana basal glomerular
Síndrome de Goodpasture

Riesgos

Hay poco riesgo en la extracción de sangre. Las venas y las arterias varían de tamaño de una persona a otra y de un lado del cuerpo a otro. Extraer sangre de algunas personas puede ser más difícil que de otras.

Otros riesgos:

Sangrado excesivo
Desmayo o sensación de mareo
Múltiples punciones para ubicar las venas
Hematoma (acumulación de sangre debajo de la piel)
Infección (un riesgo leve cada vez que se presenta ruptura de la piel)

Referencias

Phelps RG, Turner AN. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and Goodpasture disease. In: Johnson RJ, Floege J, Tonelli M, eds. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 25.

Saha MK, Pendergraft WF, Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Primary glomerular disease. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 31.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 8/28/2023

Versión en inglés revisada por : Walead Latif, MD, Nephrologist and Clinical Associate Professor, Rutgers Medical School, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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