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Reflejo de Babinski

Reflejo - Babinski; Reflejo plantar extensor; Signo de Babinski

Definición

Los reflejos son respuestas que se presentan cuando el cuerpo recibe cierto estímulo. El reflejo de Babinski se presenta después de que se ha frotado firmemente la planta del pie. El dedo gordo del pie entonces se mueve hacia arriba o hacia la superficie superior del pie. Los otros dedos se abren en abanico.

El reflejo de Babinski es uno de los reflejos normales en los bebés y en niños hasta los 2 años de edad. Desaparece a medida que el niño crece. Puede desaparecer ya a los 12 meses. En los adultos, este reflejo no es normal y, a menudo, indica un problema con el cerebro o la médula espinal.

Causas

Cuando el reflejo de Babinski se presenta en un niño mayor de 2 años o en un adulto, con frecuencia es un signo de un trastorno del sistema nervioso central. El sistema nervioso central incluye el cerebro y la médula espinal. Los trastornos pueden incluir:

Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (enfermedad de Lou Gehrig)
Lesión o tumor cerebral
Meningitis (infección de las membranas que recubren el cerebro y la médula espinal
Infección viral del cerebro
Esclerosis múltiple
Anomalía, tumor o lesión de la médula espinal
Accidente cerebrovascular
Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas

Referencias

Deluca GC, Griggs RC. Approach to the patient with neurologic disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 368.

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Schor NF. Neurologic evaluation. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 608.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 1/23/2023

Versión en inglés revisada por : Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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