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Esplenomegalia

Definición

Es un bazo más grande de lo normal. El bazo es un órgano ubicado en la parte superior izquierda del abdomen.

Consideraciones

El bazo es un órgano que es parte del sistema linfático. Filtra la sangre y mantiene los glóbulos rojos, los glóbulos blancos y las plaquetas saludables. También juega un papel en la función inmunitaria.

Muchos problemas de salud pueden afectar el bazo. Estos incluyen:

• Enfermedades de la sangre o el sistema linfático
• Infecciones
• Cáncer
• Enfermedad hepática

Los síntomas de la esplenomegalia incluyen:

• Hipo
• Incapacidad para ingerir una comida grande
• Dolor en el lado superior izquierdo del abdomen

Causas

La esplenomegalia puede ser causada por cualquiera de los siguientes factores:

• Infecciones
• Enfermedades del hígado
• Enfermedades de la sangre
• Cáncer

Cuidados en el hogar

En casos poco frecuentes, una lesión podría romper el bazo. Si usted tiene esplenomegalia, su proveedor de atención médica puede advertirle que evite los deportes de contacto. Su proveedor le indicará qué más necesita hacer para cuidar de sí mismo y de cualquier afección.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico

Por lo regular, no hay síntomas a raíz de un agrandamiento del bazo. Busque atención médica de inmediato si el dolor en su abdomen es intenso o si empeora cuando toma una respiración profunda.

Lo que se puede esperar en el consultorio médico

Su proveedor hará preguntas respecto a sus síntomas y la historia clínica.

Se hará un examen físico. Su proveedor palpará y dará golpecitos en la parte superior izquierda del abdomen, en especial justo bajo la parrilla costal.

Algunos de los exámenes que se pueden hacer incluyen:

• Radiografía del abdomen, ultrasonido o tomografía computarizada
• Exámenes de sangre, como conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC) y exámenes de la actividad hepática

El tratamiento depende de la causa de la esplenomegalia.

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