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Piel fría y húmeda

Definición

Es la piel fría, húmeda y por lo general pálida.

Consideraciones

La piel fría y húmeda puede ser una emergencia. Comuníquese con su proveedor de atención médica o llame al 911 o al número local de emergencias.

Causas

Las causas de la piel fría y húmeda incluyen:

• Ataque de ansiedad
• Ataque cardíaco
• Agotamiento por el calor
• Sangrado interno
• Niveles bajos de oxígeno en la sangre
• Reacción a medicamentos
• Sepsis (infección general en el cuerpo)
  
• Reacción alérgica grave (anafilaxia)
• Dolor intenso
• Shock (hipotensión)

Cuidados en el hogar

Los cuidados en el hogar dependen de lo que esté causando la piel fría y húmeda. Llame para pedir ayuda médica si no está seguro.

Si usted cree que la persona está en shock, acuéstela boca arriba y levántele las piernas aproximadamente 12 pulgadas (30 centímetros). Llame al 911 o al número local de emergencias o llévela a un hospital.

Si la piel fría y húmeda puede deberse al agotamiento por el calor y la persona está despierta y puede tragar: 

• Procure que la persona tome bastantes líquidos (sin alcohol, sin cafeína)
• Traslade a la persona a un lugar fresco y con sombra

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico

Busque ayuda médica inmediata si la persona tiene cualquiera de los siguientes signos o síntomas:

• Estado médico o capacidad para pensar alterados
• Dolor o molestia en el tórax, el abdomen o la espalda
• Dolor de cabeza
• Paso de sangre en las heces: heces negras, sangre de color rojo vivo o marrón
• Vómito recurrente o persistente, especialmente de sangre
• Posible uso de drogas ilícitas
• Dificultad para respirar
• Signos de shock (tales como confusión, nivel bajo de lucidez mental o pulso débil)

Siempre consulte con su proveedor o acuda al servicio de emergencias si los síntomas no desaparecen rápidamente.

Lo que se puede esperar en el consultorio médico

El proveedor llevará a cabo un examen físico y hará preguntas acerca de los síntomas y la historia clínica de la persona, incluyendo:

• ¿Qué tan rápido se presentó la piel fría y húmeda?
• ¿Ha sucedido antes?
• ¿Se ha lesionado?
• ¿Tiene dolor?
• ¿Parece estar ansioso o estresado?
• ¿Ha estado recientemente expuesto a altas temperaturas?
• ¿Qué otros síntomas se presentan?

Los exámenes y tratamientos pueden incluir:

• Ayuda respiratoria, incluyendo oxígeno, una sonda respiratoria a través de la boca (intubación) y un respirador artificial (ventilador)
• Exámenes de sangre y orina
• Radiografía de tórax
• ECG (electrocardiograma o trazado de la frecuencia cardíaca)
• Líquidos a través de una vena (intravenoso o IV)
• Medicamentos para tratar los síntomas

El pronóstico depende de la causa de la piel fría y húmeda. La evaluación y los resultados de los exámenes ayudarán a determinar el pronóstico a corto y largo plazo. 

Referencias

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