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Deformidad por contractura

Deformidad por cont...Deformidad por contractura

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Deformidad - contractura

Definición

Una contractura se forma cuando los tejidos que normalmente estiran (elásticos) son reemplazados por tejido que no estira (inelástico) de apariencia fibrosa. Este tejido dificulta el estiramiento del área e impide el movimiento normal.

Las contracturas se presentan principalmente en la piel, los tejidos subyacentes, los músculos, los tendones y los ligamentos que rodean las articulaciones. Afectan el rango de movimiento y la función en una determinada parte del cuerpo. A menudo, también se presenta dolor.

Consideraciones

Causas

La contractura puede ser causada por cualquiera de los siguientes problemas:

Trastornos del cerebro y del sistema nervioso, como parálisis cerebral o accidente cerebrovascular
Trastornos hereditarios (como la distrofia muscular)
Daño neurológico
Reducción del uso (por ejemplo, por falta de movilidad o por lesiones)
Lesiones musculares y óseas graves
Cicatrización después de una lesión traumática o quemaduras

Cuidados en el hogar

Siga las instrucciones de su proveedor de atención médica para tratar la contractura en casa. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:

Realizar ejercicios y estiramientos.
Usar dispositivos ortopédicos y férulas.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico

Comuníquese con su proveedor si:

Al parecer se está desarrollando una contractura.
Se nota una disminución en la capacidad para mover una articulación.

Lo que se puede esperar en el consultorio médico

El proveedor preguntará acerca de los síntomas. Las preguntas pueden incluir cuándo empezaron los síntomas, si tiene o no dolor en la zona afectada, y qué tratamientos ha tenido en el pasado.

Según la causa y tipo de la contractura, es posible que necesite exámenes como una radiografía.

El tratamiento puede incluir fisioterapia, medicamentos y aparatos ortopédicos. La cirugía o la radiación puede ser útil para algunos tipos de contracturas.

Referencias

Campbell TM, Dudek N, Trudel G. Joint contractures. In: Frontera, WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 127.

Miller RH, Azar FM, Throckmorton TW. Shoulder and elbow injuries. In: Azar FM, Beaty JH, eds. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 46.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 9/20/2022

Versión en inglés revisada por : C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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