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Color anormal - de la orina

Definición

El color normal de la orina es amarillo paja. La orina de color anormal puede ser turbia, oscura o de color sangre.

Causas

El color anormal de la orina puede ser causado por infección, enfermedad, medicamentos o alimentos que usted come.

La orina lechosa o turbia es un signo de una infección urinaria que también puede causar un olor desagradable. La orina lechosa también puede ser causada por la presencia de bacterias, cristales, grasa, glóbulos blancos o rojos o moco en la orina.

La orina de color marrón oscuro pero transparente es un signo de un trastorno hepático, como la hepatitis viral aguda o la cirrosis, que provoca exceso de bilirrubina en la orina. También puede indicar una deshidratación severa o una afección que involucra la descomposición del tejifo muscular conocida como rabdomiólisis.

La orina de color rosado, rojo o marrón claro puede ser causada por:

• Remolachas, moras o ciertos colorantes de los alimentos
• Anemia hemolítica
• Lesión en los riñones o las vías urinarias
• Medicamentos
• Porfiria
• Trastornos de las vías urinarias que provocan sangrado
• Sangre proveniente del sangrado vaginal
• Tumor en la vejiga o en los riñones

Una orina amarilla oscura o anaranjada puede ser causada por:

• Vitaminas del complejo B o caroteno
• Medicamentos como fenazopiridina (utilizada en el tratamiento de las infecciones urinarias), la rifampina y la warfarina
• Uso reciente de laxantes

La orina de color verde o azul se debe a:

• Colores artificiales en alimentos o medicamentos
• Bilirrubina
• Medicamentos, incluso azul de metileno
• Infecciones urinarias

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico

Consulte con su proveedor de atención médica si presenta:

• Color anormal de la orina sin explicación y que no desaparece
• Sangre en la orina, incluso en una ocasión
• Orina clara de color marrón oscuro
• Orina de color rosado, rojo o marrón humo que no se debe a un alimento ni medicamento

Lo que se puede esperar en el consultorio médico

Su proveedor llevará a cabo un examen físico. Este puede incluir un examen pélvico y rectal. Su proveedor hará preguntas acerca de los síntomas, como:

• ¿Cuándo notó por primera un cambio en el color de la orina y por cuánto tiempo ha tenido el problema?
• ¿De qué color es la orina y el color cambia durante el día? ¿Ve sangre en su orina?
• ¿Hay factores que empeoran el problema?
• ¿Qué tipos de alimentos ha estado ingiriendo y qué medicamentos toma?
• ¿Ha tenido problemas urinarios o renales en el pasado?
• ¿Tiene otros síntomas (como dolor, fiebre o aumento de la sed)?
• ¿Hay antecedentes familiares de cáncer de riñón o vejiga?
• ¿Fuma o está expuesto a una cantidad importante de humo de segunda mano?
• ¿Trabaja con ciertos químicos como los tintes?

Algunos de los exámenes que pueden realizarse son:

• Exámenes de sangre, incluso pruebas de la función hepática
• Ecografía de los riñones y de la vejiga o tomografía computarizada
• Análisis de orina
• Urocultivo para infección
• Cistoscopia
• Citología de orina

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