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Dolor ocular

Definición

El dolor ocular se puede describir como una sensación urente, pulsátil, dolorosa o lacerante en o alrededor del ojo. También se puede sentir como si tuviera algo alojado en el ojo.

Este artículo aborda el dolor ocular que no es causado por lesión o cirugía.

Consideraciones

El dolor ocular puede ser un síntoma importante de un problema de salud. Asegúrese de decirle a su proveedor de atención médica si tiene un dolor en los ojos que no desaparece.

Una sensación de cansancio o de cierta molestia en los ojos (fatiga ocular) a menudo es un problema menor y con frecuencia desaparecerá con descanso. Estos problemas pueden ser causados por una prescripción equivocada de anteojos o lentes de contacto. Algunas veces, se debe a un problema con los músculos oculares.

Causas

Muchos factores pueden causar el dolor en los ojos o a su alrededor. Busque atención médica inmediata si el dolor es intenso, no desaparece o causa pérdida de la visión.

Algunas cosas que pueden provocar dolor ocular son:

• Infecciones
• Inflamación
  
• Problemas con los lentes de contacto
• Resequedad en los ojos
  
• Glaucoma agudo
• Problemas sinusales
• Neuropatía
• Fatiga ocular
• Dolor de cabeza
  
• Gripe
  

Cuidados en el hogar

Descansar los ojos debe aliviar la molestia debido a la fatiga ocular.

Si usa lentes de contacto, trate de usar gafas durante unos días para ver si el dolor desaparece.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico

Póngase en contacto con su proveedor si:

• El dolor es intenso (llame inmediatamente) o persiste por más de 2 días
• Tiene disminución de la visión junto con dolor ocular
• Tiene afecciones crónicas como artritis o problemas autoinmunitarios
• Tiene dolor junto con enrojecimiento, inflamación, secreción o presión en los ojos

Lo que se puede esperar en el consultorio médico

Su proveedor evaluará la visión, los movimientos oculares y la parte posterior del ojo. Si está muy preocupado, debe ver a un oftalmólogo. Este es un médico especialista en problemas oculares.

Para ayudar a encontrar la fuente del problema, su proveedor puede preguntarle:

• ¿Tiene dolor en ambos ojos?
• ¿Siente dolor en el ojo o a su alrededor?
• ¿Se siente como si tuviera algo en el ojo ahora?
• ¿Tiene una sensación pulsátil o de ardor en el ojo?
• ¿El dolor comenzó súbitamente?
• ¿Empeora cuando mueve los ojos?
• ¿Es sensible a la luz?
• ¿Qué otros síntomas tiene?

Se pueden hacer los siguientes exámenes oftalmológicos:

• Examen con lámpara de hendidura
• Examen con fluoresceína
• Evaluación de la presión ocular si hay sospechas de glaucoma
• Respuesta pupilar a la luz

Si el dolor parece venir de la superficie del ojo, como debido a un objeto extraño, el proveedor puede poner gotas anestésicas en sus ojos. Si el dolor desaparece, a menudo confirmará que la superficie es la fuente del dolor.

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