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Hemólisis

Definición

Es la descomposición de los glóbulos rojos.

Información

Los glóbulos rojos viven normalmente de 110 a 120 días. Después de esto, se descomponen de manera natural y casi siempre son eliminados de la circulación por medio del bazo.

Algunas enfermedades y procesos provocan que los glóbulos rojos se descompongan demasiado pronto. Esto le exige a la médula ósea producir más glóbulos rojos de lo normal. El equilibrio entre la descomposición y la producción de los glóbulos rojos determina qué tan bajo llega a ser su conteo. Si el conteo de glóbulos rojos se vuelve anormalmente bajo, se denomina anemia hemolítica.

Las afecciones que pueden causar hemólisis comprenden:

Reacciones inmunitarias
Infecciones
Medicamentos
Toxinas y venenos
Metabolismo de los glóbulos rojos o defectos en su forma

Referencias

Elghetany MT, Banki K. Erythrocytic disorders. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 33.

Gallagher PG. Red blood cell membrane disorders. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 46.

Gallagher PG. Hemolytic anemias: red blood cell membrane and metabolic defects. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 147.

Gregg XT, Prchal JT. Red blood cell enzymopathies. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 45.

Mentzer WC, Schrier SL. Extrinsic nonimmune hemolytic anemias. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 48.

Michel M. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 146.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 3/31/2024

Versión en inglés revisada por : Todd Gersten, MD, Hematology/Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Wellington, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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