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Pequeño para la edad gestacional

Bajo peso al nacer

Definición

Significa que un feto o un bebé es más pequeño o está menos desarrollado de lo normal para su sexo y edad gestacional. La edad gestacional es la edad de un feto o bebé que se cuenta a partir del primer día del último periodo menstrual de la madre.

Información

Se utiliza un ultrasonido para averiguar si un feto es más pequeño de lo normal para su edad. Esta afección se denomina restricción en el crecimiento intrauterino. La definición más común de pequeño para su edad gestacional (SGA, por sus siglas en inglés) es un peso al nacer por debajo del percentil 10. Al momento del examen de ultrasonido, su proveedor de atención médica puede utilizar otros hallazgos, como la cantidad de líquido amniótico que rodea al bebé, para comprender mejor la afección del bebé.

Las causas de la SGA en el feto pueden incluir:

Enfermedades genéticas
Enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias
Anomalías cromosómicas
Embarazo múltiple (gemelos, trillizos y más)
Placenta anormal
Presión arterial alta

Un bebé en desarrollo con restricción del crecimiento intrauterino tendrá un tamaño pequeño y puede presentar problemas como:

Aumento del número de glóbulos rojos
Nivel bajo de azúcar en la sangre
Temperatura corporal baja

Referencias

Baschat AA, Galan HL. Intrauterine growth restriction. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe's Obstetrics Essentials: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 33.

Suhrie KR, Tabbah SM. High-risk pregnancies. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 114.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 8/23/2023

Versión en inglés revisada por : LaQuita Martinez, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emory Johns Creek Hospital, Alpharetta, GA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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