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Grande para la edad gestacional

Definición

Significa que un feto o bebé es más grande o está más desarrollado de lo normal para su edad gestacional. La edad gestacional es la edad de un feto o bebé que se cuenta a partir del primer día del último periodo menstrual de la madre.

Información

La denominación de grande para la edad gestacional (LGA, por sus siglas en inglés) se refiere a un feto o bebé que es más grande de lo esperado para su edad y sexo. También puede incluir a bebés con un peso al nacer por encima del percentil 90.

La medida de LGA se basa en la edad gestacional estimada del feto o del bebé. Las medidas reales se comparan con la estatura, el peso, el tamaño de la cabeza y el desarrollo normales de un feto o bebé de la misma edad y sexo.

Antes del nacimiento, las mediciones de LGA se obtienen mediante un examen de ultrasonido. En un examen de ultrasonido obtenido cerca del término, el examen no es tan preciso y puede sugerir LGA en algunos casos donde el bebé está creciendo normalmente. Debe hablar con su proveedor de atención médica sobre este problema.

Las causas comunes de la afección son:

Diabetes gestacional
Embarazada obesa
Aumento excesivo de peso durante el embarazo

Un bebé que es LGA tiene un riesgo más alto de lesión al nacer. Igualmente, hay un riesgo de complicaciones de nivel bajo de azúcar en la sangre después del parto si la madre tiene diabetes.

Referencias

Balest AL, Riley MM, O'Donnell B, Zarit JS. Neonatology. In: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, Garrison J, eds. Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 2.

Cooke DW, DiVall SA, Radovick S. Normal and aberrant growth in children. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 25.

Suhrie KR, Tabbah SM. High-risk pregnancies. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 114.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 8/23/2023

Versión en inglés revisada por : LaQuita Martinez, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emory Johns Creek Hospital, Alpharetta, GA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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