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Trombosis del seno cavernoso

Definición

Es un coágulo sanguíneo en un área de la base del cerebro.

Causas

El seno cavernoso es una estructura en el interior de la cabeza que recibe sangre de las venas de la cara y el cerebro. La sangre drena en otros vasos sanguíneos que la llevan de vuelta al corazón. Esta área también contiene nervios que controlan los movimientos oculares y la visión.

La trombosis del seno cavernoso generalmente es causada por una infección bacteriana que se ha diseminado desde los senos paranasales, los dientes, los oídos, los ojos, la nariz o la piel de la cara.

Usted es más propenso a desarrollar esta afección si tiene un aumento del riesgo de coágulos sanguíneos.

Síntomas

Los síntomas incluyen:

• Globo ocular saltón, generalmente en un lado de la cara 
• Incapacidad para mover el ojo en una dirección en particular
• Párpados caídos
• Dolores de cabeza
• Pérdida de la visión

Pruebas y exámenes

Los exámenes que se pueden ordenar abarcan:

• Tomografía computarizada (TC) de la cabeza
• Resonancia magnética (RM) del cerebro
• Venografía por resonancia magnética
• Radiografía de los senos paranasales

Tratamiento

La trombosis del seno cavernoso se trata con antibióticos intravenosos (IV) en altas dosis, administrados a través de una vena (IV) si la causa es una infección.

Los anticoagulantes ayudan a disolver el coágulo de sangre y evitan que empeore o que reaparezca.

Algunas veces se requiere cirugía para drenar la infección.

Expectativas (pronóstico)

La trombosis del seno cavernoso puede ocasionar la muerte si no recibe tratamiento. 

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico

Comuníquese con su proveedor de atención médica de inmediato si presenta:

• Ojos saltones
• Párpados caídos
• Dolor ocular
• Incapacidad para mover los ojos en cualquier dirección particular
• Pérdida de la visión

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