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Cambios miopáticos

Músculos superficia...Músculos superficiales anteriores

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Cambios miopáticos; Miopatía; Problema muscular

Definición

Los cambios miopáticos causan patrones de debilidad, pérdida de tejido muscular, hallazgos en electromiografías (EMG) o resultados de una biopsia que sugieren la presencia de un problema muscular. Este trastorno muscular puede ser hereditario, como una distrofia muscular, o adquirido, como una miopatía alcohólica o esteroidea.

El nombre médico del trastorno muscular es miopatía.

Síntomas

El síntoma principal es la debilidad.

Otros síntomas abarcan calambres y rigidez.

Pruebas y exámenes

Su proveedor de atención médica tomará su historial médico completo y realizará un examen neurológico. Los exámenes que se le pueden ordenar incluyen:

Pruebas de sangre y orina
Electromiografía (EMG) y estudios de conducción nerviosa (NCS, por sus siglas en inglés)
Biopsia del músculo

Pruebas genéticas para buscar afecciones hereditarias. Este se puede hacer con una prueba de sangre o en ocasiones con una prueba de saliva.

En una biopsia del músculo se examina una muestra de tejido bajo un microscopio para confirmar la enfermedad. A veces, un examen de sangre o de saliva para buscar trastornos genéticos es todo lo que se necesita basado en los síntomas de la persona y los antecedentes familiares.

Tratamiento

El tratamiento depende de la causa. Normalmente incluye:

Dispositivos ortopédicos
Medicamentos (como corticosteroides en algunos casos)
Terapia de reemplazo enzimático
Terapia de sustitución génica
Terapia física, respiratoria y ocupacional.
Evitar que la afección empeore tratando la afección subyacente que esté causando la debilidad muscular
Cirugía (algunas veces)

Su proveedor de atención médica puede decirle más acerca de su afección y las opciones de tratamiento.

Referencias

Borg K, Ensrud E. Myopathies. In: Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 136.

Doughty CT, Amato AA. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 109.

Selcen D. Muscle diseases. In: Goldman L, Cooney K, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 389.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 12/31/2023

Versión en inglés revisada por : Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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