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Síndrome de Plummer-Vinson

Anatomía del esófag...Anatomía del esófago y del estómago

Imagen anterior Agrandar Cerrar Próxima imagen

Síndrome de Paterson-Kelly; Disfagia sideropénica; Membrana esofágica

Definición

Es una afección que puede ocurrir en personas con anemia ferropénica prolongada (crónica). Las personas con esta enfermedad tienen dificultad para deglutir debido a crecimientos de tejido pequeños y delgados que bloquean parcialmente la parte superior del esófago.

Causas

Se desconoce la causa del síndrome de Plummer-Vinson, pero los factores genéticos y una falta de ciertos nutrientes (deficiencias nutricionales) pueden jugar un papel. Es un raro trastorno que puede estar ligado a cánceres del esófago y la garganta y es más común en las mujeres.

Síntomas

Los síntomas pueden incluir:

Dificultad para deglutir
Debilidad

Pruebas y exámenes

Su proveedor de atención médica le hará un examen para buscar anomalías en la piel y las uñas.

Le pueden hacer una prueba de tránsito esofagogastroduodenal o endoscopia digestiva alta para buscar tejido anormal en el esófago. Le pueden hacer exámenes para buscar anemia o deficiencia de hierro.

Tratamiento

Tomar suplementos de hierro puede mejorar los problemas para deglutir.

Si los suplementos no ayudan, se puede ensanchar la membrana de tejido durante una endoscopia de vías digestivas altas. Esto le permitirá deglutir los alimentos normalmente.

Expectativas (pronóstico)

Las personas con esta afección generalmente responden al tratamiento.

Posibles complicaciones

Los dispositivos usados para expandir el esófago (dilatadores) pueden causar una ruptura. Esto puede provocar sangrado.

El síndrome de Plummer-Vinson ha sido vinculado con el cáncer esofágico.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico

Consulte con el proveedor si:

Se le atora el alimento después de tragarlo
Presenta debilidad y fatiga intensas

Prevención

Obtener el suficiente hierro en la alimentación puede prevenir este trastorno.

Referencias

Hammad H, Wani S. Esophageal tumors. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 48.

Kavitt RT, Vaezi MF. Diseases of the esophagus. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 68.

Rustgi AK. Neoplasms of the esophagus and stomach. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 183.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 11/2/2022

Versión en inglés revisada por : Michael M. Phillips, MD, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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