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Xerosis

Xerosis - primer pl...Xerosis - primer plano

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Xerosis; Eccema asteatótico; Eccema craquelé

Definición

La piel seca se presenta cuando su piel pierde mucha agua y aceite. La piel seca es común y puede afectar a cualquier persona a cualquier edad. El término médico para la piel seca es xerosis.

Causas

La piel seca se puede ocasionar por:

El clima, tal como el aire de invierno frío y seco, o los entornos secos y calientes del desierto
Aire seco en interiores proveniente de sistemas de calefacción o enfriamiento
Bañarse con mucha frecuencia o durante mucho tiempo
Algunos jabones y detergentes
Afecciones de la piel, tales como eccema o psoriasis
Enfermedades, tales como diabetes, tiroides hipoactiva, síndrome de Sjögren, entre otras
Ciertos medicamentos (tanto tópicos como orales)
Envejecimiento, durante el cual la piel se adelgaza y produce menos aceite natural

Síntomas

Es posible que la piel se le ponga seca, descamativa, pruriginosa y enrojecida e igualmente puede presentar finas cuarteaduras sobre ella.

El problema generalmente es peor en las piernas y los brazos.

Pruebas y exámenes

El proveedor de atención médica examinará su piel. Le hará preguntas acerca de su historia clínica y síntomas de la piel.

Si el proveedor sospecha que la piel seca es causada por un problema médico que no ha sido diagnosticado todavía, es probable que ordene algunos exámenes.

Tratamiento

El proveedor puede sugerir medidas de cuidados en casa, incluyendo:

Humectantes, sobre todo cremas o lociones que contienen urea y ácido láctico
Esteroides tópicos para áreas que se tornan muy inflamadas y con picazón

Si su piel seca se debe a un problema médico, es probable que también reciba tratamiento por ello.

Prevención

Para prevenir la piel seca:

No exponga su piel al agua más de lo necesario.
Use baños de agua fría. Después, seque la piel dando toquecitos con una toalla en lugar de restregarla.
Seleccione limpiadores cutáneos suaves que no contengan tintes ni perfumes.

Referencias

American Academy of Dermatology Association website. Dry skin: Overview. www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/dry-skin-overview. Accessed December 2, 2022.

Coulson IH. Xerosis. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Coulson IH, Murrell DF, eds. Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2022:chap 258.

Dinulos JGH. Atopic dermatitis. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. Habif's Clinical Dermatology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 5.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 11/18/2022

Versión en inglés revisada por : Elika Hoss, MD, Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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