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Ovalocitosis hereditaria

OvalocitosisOvalocitosis
Células sanguíneasCélulas sanguíneas

Imagen anterior Agrandar Cerrar Próxima imagen

Ovalocitosis de tipo hereditario

Definición

La ovalocitosis hereditaria es una afección poco común que se transmite de padres a hijos (hereditaria). Las células sanguíneas tienen una forma ovalada en lugar de ser redondas. Es una forma de eliptocitosis hereditaria.

Causas

La ovalocitosis hereditaria se encuentra principalmente en poblaciones del sudeste asiático.

Síntomas

Los bebés recién nacidos con ovalocitosis hereditaria pueden padecer anemia e ictericia. Los adultos generalmente no muestran síntomas.

Pruebas y exámenes

Una evaluación por parte de su proveedor de atención médica puede mostrar un agrandamiento del bazo.

Esta afección se diagnostica examinando la forma de las células sanguíneas bajo un microscopio. También se pueden llevar a cabo los siguientes exámenes:

Conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC) para verificar si hay anemia o destrucción de los glóbulos rojos
Frotis de sangre para determinar la forma de las células
Nivel de bilirrubina (puede estar alto)
Nivel de deshidrogenasa láctica (puede estar alto)
Ecografía del abdomen (puede mostrar cálculos biliares)

Tratamiento

En los casos graves, la enfermedad se puede tratar con la extirpación del bazo (esplenectomía).

Possibles complicaciones

La afección puede estar asociada con cálculos biliares o problemas renales.

Referencias

Gallagher PG. Hemolytic anemias: red blood cell membrane and metabolic defects. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 147.

Gallagher PG. Red blood cell membrane disorders. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 46.

Prozora S, Gallagher PG. Hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary pyropoikilocytosis, and related disorders. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 508.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 3/31/2024

Versión en inglés revisada por : Todd Gersten, MD, Hematology/Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Wellington, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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