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Hipofosfatemia

Definición

Es un nivel bajo de fósforo (fosfato) en la sangre.

Causas

Lo siguiente puede causar hipofosfatemia:

• Alcoholismo
• Antiácidos 
• Ciertos medicamentos, como insulina, acetazolamida, foscarnet, imatinib, hierro por vía intravenosa, niacina, pentamidina, sorafenib y tenofovir
• Síndrome de Fanconi
• Absorción deficiente de grasas en el tracto gastrointestinal
• Hiperparatiroidismo (glándula paratiroides hiperactiva)
• Inanición
• Muy poca vitamina D

Síntomas

Los síntomas pueden incluir:

• Dolor óseo
• Confusión
• Debilidad muscular
• Convulsiones

Pruebas y exámenes

El proveedor de atención médica lo examinará.

Se pueden hacer los siguientes exámenes:

• Pruebas de la función renal
• Nivel de la hormona paratiroidea
• Examen de vitamina D en sangre

Las pruebas y exámenes pueden mostrar:

• Anemia debido a la destrucción excesiva de glóbulos rojos (anemia hemolítica)
• Daño al miocardio (miocardiopatía)

Tratamiento

El tratamiento depende de la causa. El fósforo se puede administrar por vía oral o a través de una vena (IV).

Expectativas (pronóstico)

El pronóstico depende de lo que esté causando la afección.

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico

Consulte con el proveedor si presenta debilidad muscular o confusión.

Referencias

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