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Lesión por aplastamiento

Definición

Es una lesión que se presenta cuando se ejerce una fuerza excesiva o presión sobre una parte del cuerpo. Este tipo de lesión casi siempre sucede cuando parte del cuerpo es aplastada entre dos objetos pesados.

El daño relacionado con lesiones por aplastamiento incluye:

Sangrado
Hematomas
Síndrome compartimental (aumento de la presión, generalmente en un brazo o pierna, que provoca daño muscular, nervioso, vascular y tisular grave)
Hueso roto (fractura)
Herida abierta (laceración)
Lesión a nervios
Infección (causada por bacterias que entran al cuerpo a través de una herida)

Primeros auxilios

Los pasos para el tratamiento de primeros auxilios de una lesión por aplastamiento son:

Detenga el sangrado aplicando presión directa.
Cubra la zona con una tela o vendaje húmedo. Luego eleve la zona por encima del nivel del corazón, de ser posible.
Si hay sospecha de una lesión en la cabeza, el cuello o la columna, inmovilice esas zonas en lo posible y luego limite el movimiento únicamente a la zona que ha sido aplastada.
Llame al 911 o al número local de emergencias.

Las lesiones por aplastamiento por lo regular requieren evaluación en la sala de emergencias. Puede ser necesario llevar a cabo una cirugía.

Referencias

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Tang N, Levy MJ. Tactical emergency medical support and urban search and rescue. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap e16.

Weinstein ES, Ragazzoni L. Introduction to structural collapse (crush injury and crush syndrome). In: Ciottone G, ed. Ciottone's Disaster Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 172.

Programe una cita

Actualizado : 11/2/2023

Versión en inglés revisada por : Jesse Borke, MD, CPE, FAAEM, FACEP, Attending Physician at Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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