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Fármacos de alivio rápido para el asma

Fármacos de alivio ...Fármacos de alivio rápido para el asma
Los pulmonesLos pulmones
Bronquiolo asmático...Bronquiolo asmático y bronquiolo normal

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Asma - fármacos de alivio rápido - betaagonistas de acción corta; Asma - fármacos de alivio rápido - broncodilatadores; Asma - fármacos de alivio rápido - esteroides orales; Asma - fármacos de rescate; Asma bronquial - alivio rápido; Enfermedad reactiva de las vías respiratorias - alivio rápido; Asma inducido por ejercicio - alivio rápido

Descripción

Los medicamentos de alivio rápido trabajan en forma rápida para controlar los síntomas del asma. Usted los toma cuando está tosiendo, jadeando, tiene problemas para respirar o está teniendo un ataque de asma. También se denominan medicamentos de rescate.

Muchos de estos medicamentos se denominan "broncodilatadores" porque abren (dilatan) y ayudan a relajar los músculos de las vías respiratorias (bronquios).

Usted y su proveedor de atención médica pueden elaborar un plan para los medicamentos de alivio rápido que funcione para usted. Este plan incluirá el momento en que los debe tomar y la cantidad que debe tomar.

Planee con anticipación. Asegúrese de que no se le agoten. Lleve consigo suficiente cantidad de medicamento cuando viaje.

Betaagonistas de acción corta

Los betaagonistas de acción corta son los medicamentos de alivio rápido más comunes para tratar los ataques de asma y se consideran broncodilatadores.

También se pueden utilizar justo antes de hacer ejercicio para ayudar a prevenir los síntomas de asma causados por la actividad física. Funcionan relajando los músculos de las vías respiratorias y esto le permite a usted respirar mejor durante un ataque.

Coméntele al proveedor si usted está utilizando medicamentos de alivio rápido dos veces por semana o más para controlar sus síntomas de asma. Es posible que el asma no esté bajo control y probablemente su proveedor necesite cambiar la dosis de medicamentos de control diarios.

Algunos medicamentos de alivio rápido para el asma incluyen:

Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA)
Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA)
Metaproterenol
Terbutalina

Los betaagonistas de acción corta pueden causar estos efectos secundarios:

Ansiedad.
Latidos cardíacos rápidos e irregulares. Coméntele a su proveedor de inmediato si usted presenta este efecto secundario.
Dolor de cabeza.
Inquietud.
Temblor (le pueden temblar las manos u otras partes del cuerpo).

Esteroides orales

Su proveedor podría recetarle esteroides orales cuando usted tenga un ataque de asma que no desaparece. Estos son medicamentos que usted toma por vía oral como píldoras, cápsulas o líquidos.

Los esteroides orales no son medicamentos de alivio rápido, pero con frecuencia se administran durante 7 a 14 días cuando los síntomas se reagudizan.

Los esteroides orales abarcan:

Metilprednisolona
Prednisona
Prednisolona

Referencias

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National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Asthma Management Guidelines: Focused Updates 2020. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma-management-guidelines-2020-updates. Updated February 4, 2021. Accessed February 8, 2024.

O'Byrne PM, Satia I. Inhaled ß₂ - agonists. In: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 93.

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Programe una cita

Actualizado : 2/3/2024

Versión en inglés revisada por : Frank D. Brodkey, MD, FCCM, Associate Professor, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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